Glazing methods
The glaze is used in ceramics to refine stoneware, stoneware or porcelain works. A distinction is made between different glaze techniques. When glazing, the most different situations can occur, for which the ceramic encyclopedia provides the correct explanations and the most useful tips, so that the ceramic glaze in your case flawlessly air.
Engobe
Engobed are clay keys in liquid form that are applied to ceramic objects. The colour palette ranges from natural colours to white engobes, which are artificially coloured with metal oxides or colour rubbers. The engobe coating improves the surface of a ceramic mass, makes it glow - but should not be confused with a glaze, as engobe does not fuse with the surface of the body.
Glaze
A vitreous coating on ceramics is called glaze. The natural roughness of the ceramic body is removed, the surface is compacted and glazes extend the design possibilities. As glazes and shards are chemically related, they combine well and adhere inseparably to each other.
Underglaze technique
Colour powder is mixed with water and applied to the clay fragments. After drying, the ceramic is coated with a colourless transparent glaze. The underglaze lies, so to speak, under a later glaze coating.
Onglaze technology
On glaze decors require specially prepared glazes and colours for low firing temperatures, which are applied to an already finished carrier glaze and melted in a third or further low decorative firing. This technique is well known in porcelain painting, as well as in decorations with bright gold, silver or platinum sterling silver.
Inglaze technique
The best known inglaze painting is majolica. It is painted on a best white, unfired glaze. The decor melts in the glaze firing. Other well-known names are “tin glazed earthenware“, „faience“ or “DelfterWare“.
Approach Glaze Technology
Typical approach glazes are salt and soda glazes. The salt or sodal solution is added to the ceramic furnace at high temperature during firing and is distributed over the ceramic objects by the heat in the combustion chamber. During wood firing, wood ash flying around produces very interesting, albeit uncontrollable, approach effects.
Colour ruler
Colour rollers are used for colouring glazes and as underglaze colours. They consist of a mixture of metallic oxides, stabilizers and fillers and are available in many different shades. Since the colorants are calcined, i.e. preglowed, they withstand high temperatures and thus retain their bright colors in the glaze melt.
Oxide
A chemical compound with oxygen is called an oxide. In ceramics, metal oxides are used to change the melting point of a glaze or the sintering of a clay mass. Färbende oxides (e.g. iron oxide) are used both for the coloring of masses and for the coloring of a glaze. Crackling This decorative cracking in a fired glaze is caused by differences in stress between the glaze and the ceramic mass or by a temperature shock.
Creep/rolling
The glaze contracts strongly. These glaze defects may occur because the body surface was not sufficiently wetted with glaze, the product was too moist or heated too quickly.
Flowing
If the glaze is applied too thickly on the ceramic object, it may cause the coating to fade or break.
Melting
The melting temperature of a glaze depends on the composition of the raw materials. The clay mass must also melt out to ensure a dense body.
needle stitch
Crater or needlesticks are glaze defects. They can be caused by a variety of ceramic problems during firing, such as small air inclusions in the mass or glaze, glaze composition. The viscosity of the glaze must be prolonged in order to allow air pockets to escape before the glaze solidifies.
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